Doba koronavirov\u00e1 s sebou p\u0159inesla je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed novou zku\u0161enost pro mnoho lid\u00ed. A to samotu. Pandemie uvrhla miliony lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b do nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 izolace, jakou na\u0161e d\u011bjiny pamatuj\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch se stalo, \u017ee se izolovala cel\u00e1 spole\u010dnost a ne jen prokazateln\u011b nemocn\u00ed (jak to bylo v\u017edy v minulosti u moru, cholery..). Okam\u017eit\u011b se ve\u0161ker\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot p\u0159esunul na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a do telefonn\u00edch hovor\u016f. A proto\u017ee telefonn\u00ed hovory jsou l\u00e9pe sledovateln\u00e9 (nebo\u0165 v na\u0161em st\u00e1t\u011b se nic neutaj\u00ed), tak oper\u00e1to\u0159i hl\u00e1sili n\u00e1r\u016fst doby str\u00e1ven\u00e9 telefonov\u00e1n\u00edm o des\u00edtky procent. Chyb\u00edme si. Teplo a bl\u00edzkost lidsk\u00e9ho vztahu, pot\u0159eba l\u00e1sky a bezpe\u010d\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k z\u00e1kladn\u00edm lidsk\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Uv\u011bdomila jsem si to naplno v jedn\u00e9 facebookov\u00e9 diskuzi s ot\u00e1zkou – \u201ena co se t\u011b\u0161\u00edte nejv\u00edc, a\u017e se uvoln\u00ed karant\u00e9na?\u201c. Nebylo tam nic o posezen\u00ed v kav\u00e1rn\u011b, chozen\u00ed venku bez rou\u0161ky, volnosti pohybu, chozen\u00ed na fotbal…Ale koment\u00e1\u0159e jako \u201ep\u0159eju si obejmout znovu svoji vnu\u010dku, p\u0159eju si nav\u0161t\u00edvit svoje rodi\u010de, p\u0159eju si sej\u00edt se s kamar\u00e1dkou\u201c. Najednou se z toho stala docela hlubok\u00e1 diskuse o pot\u0159ebnosti vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pot\u0159eba lidsk\u00e9ho kontaktu je n\u00e1m lidem vrozen\u00e1, jsme soci\u00e1ln\u00ed prim\u00e1ti. Od nepam\u011bti pat\u0159ilo vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed z komunity k nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm trest\u016fm. I v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se mnoz\u00ed boj\u00ed, \u017ee je ostatn\u00ed nep\u0159ijmou, co si o nich ostatn\u00ed pomysl\u00ed, jestli jsou v\u016fbec norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pokud se p\u0159est\u011bhujeme nebo nastoup\u00edme do nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce obvykle chceme, aby n\u00e1s okol\u00ed p\u0159ijalo mezi sebe a vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed z kolektivu vn\u00edm\u00e1me \u010dasto bolestiv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u011bda se soci\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm intenzivn\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1m o tom spoustu d\u016fkaz\u016f. Bolest z vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed se zkoumala v pokusu na dobrovoln\u00edc\u00edch, kdy se jim z\u00e1rove\u0148 s pocitem vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed b\u011bhem po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 hry sn\u00edmala mozkov\u00e1 aktivita. Zjistilo se, \u017ee p\u0159i bolesti, kterou za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159i odlou\u010den\u00ed, se aktivuje stejn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v mozku jako p\u0159i t\u011blesn\u00e9 bolesti a dokonce po u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed analgetik byla du\u0161evn\u00ed bolest m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebu t\u011blesn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti u d\u011bt\u00ed zkoumal v 50. letech tak\u00e9 Harry Harlow. Nutno podotknout, \u017ee za tyto pokusy byl kritizov\u00e1n mnoh\u00fdmi ochr\u00e1nci zv\u00ed\u0159at, proto\u017ee c\u00edlen\u011b p\u016fsobil psychick\u00fd stres narozen\u00fdm ml\u00e1\u010fat\u016fm a jak napsal Radkin Honz\u00e1k, jist\u011b se po smrti sma\u017eil v opi\u010d\u00edm pekle. V Harlowov\u00fdch experimentech byla ml\u00e1\u010fata makak\u016f odebr\u00e1na jejich matk\u00e1m a um\u00edst\u011bna do klece s dv\u011bma opi\u010d\u00edmi napodobeninami. Jedna z nich byla vyrobena z dr\u00e1tu a disponovala um\u011blou bradavkou<\/a>, poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat\u016fm potravu. Druh\u00e1 figur\u00edna byla pokryta frot\u00e9 l\u00e1tkou, p\u0159\u00edjemnou na dotek, ale ml\u00e9ko nem\u011bla. Po p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed obdob\u00ed skl\u00ed\u010denosti, pot\u00e9, co byla ml\u00e1\u010fata odlou\u010dena od matek, postupn\u011b ml\u00e1\u010fata p\u0159enesla svou n\u00e1klonnost k l\u00e1tkov\u00fdm napodobenin\u00e1m. Lezla kolem n\u00ed kousala a tr\u00e1vila dlouh\u00e9 chv\u00edle p\u0159itisknuta na jej\u00ed hrudi a z\u00e1dech. K dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00e9 napodobenin\u011b se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebovala potravu. Bylo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b dok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee si ml\u00e1\u010fata vytvo\u0159ila pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pouto k m\u011bkk\u00fdm matk\u00e1m nehled\u011b na zdroj potravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u010d byly tyto pokusy krut\u00e9, pro v\u00fdzkum psychologie osobnosti m\u011bly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv. Prok\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee pro zdrav\u00fd du\u0161evn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj je naprosto nutn\u00e1 jist\u00e1 citov\u00e1 vazba v d\u011btstv\u00ed a pot\u0159eba t\u011blesn\u00fdch dotek\u016f (mazlen\u00ed, tisknut\u00ed na t\u011blo matky nebo jin\u00e9ho pe\u010dovatele (teorie attachmentu). Z\u00e1\u017eitky bl\u00edzkosti z ran\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed celo\u017eivotn\u011b nastavuj\u00ed zp\u016fsob navazov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch vztah\u016f v dosp\u011blosti. D\u011bti citov\u011b deprivovan\u00e9, nedomazlen\u00e9 maj\u00ed s navazov\u00e1n\u00edm a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm vztah\u016f stejn\u011b jako s vlastn\u00ed sebe\u00factou celo\u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017e. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto v\u00fdzkum\u016f se nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159estalo s odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bt\u00ed matk\u00e1m po porodu a naopak se c\u00edlen\u011b pokl\u00e1daly matce na b\u0159icho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ale zp\u011bt k dosp\u011bl\u00fdm a jejich samot\u011b. Samota nemus\u00ed v\u017edy t\u00ed\u017eit. Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1me jinou pot\u0159ebu t\u011blesn\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti. N\u011bkdo trp\u00ed, kdykoli se ocitne mimo spole\u010dnost, n\u011bkdo naopak samotu vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1, aby si od ostatn\u00edch odpo\u010dinul a nabral s\u00edlu jinak, a sta\u010d\u00ed mu p\u00e1r bl\u00edzk\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Tak se obvykle rozezn\u00e1 introvertn\u00ed a extrovertn\u00ed povaha. To, co n\u00e1s tr\u00e1p\u00ed nen\u00ed samota, ale osam\u011blost. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161\u00ed osobn\u00ed identity se toti\u017e utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a udr\u017euje skrze osobn\u00ed kontakt. Jeho kompletn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta vede ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b v\u011bdom\u00ed sebe sama. John McCain (sen\u00e1tor), kter\u00fd str\u00e1vil dva roky na samotce b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho zajet\u00ed ve Vietnamu, \u0159ekl: \u201eRozdrt\u00ed to va\u0161eho ducha a oslab\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 odpor mnohem efektivn\u011bji ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoliv jin\u00fd trest. Kdy\u017e nem\u00e1te nikoho, na koho byste se spolehli, komu byste se mohli sv\u011b\u0159it, s k\u00fdm se poradit, za\u010dnete pochybovat o sv\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm \u00fasudku a odvaze\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nepodce\u0148ujme nutnost osobn\u00edho kontaktu a fyzick\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti v\u010detn\u011b pohlazen\u00ed (bez ka\u017edodenn\u00edho pohlazen\u00ed vysych\u00e1 m\u00edcha, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 s \u00fasm\u011bvem Radkin Honz\u00e1k). O tom by mohli mluvit pracovn\u00edci d\u011btsk\u00fdch domov\u016f a domov\u016f pro seniory. Babi\u010dka se r\u00e1da vzd\u00e1 d\u016fchodu jen za vidinu setk\u00e1n\u00ed s vnukem. D\u011bti v domovech vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed pohlazen\u00ed od kohokoliv, kdo je k m\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee to prost\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k \u017eivotu. Objet\u00ed od bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka zvy\u0161uje imunitu, l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed stres a \u00fazkost, posiluje sebev\u011bdom\u00ed, zm\u00edr\u0148uje bolest v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch situac\u00edch a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b upev\u0148uje vztahy. Bu\u010fme si tedy lidsky bl\u00edzko, jak to jen jde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Doba koronavirov\u00e1 s sebou p\u0159inesla je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed novou zku\u0161enost pro mnoho lid\u00ed. A to samotu. Pandemie uvrhla miliony lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b do nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 izolace, jakou na\u0161e d\u011bjiny pamatuj\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch se stalo, \u017ee se izolovala cel\u00e1 spole\u010dnost… Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":143,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=74"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75,"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74\/revisions\/75"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=74"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=74"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.novotnalenka.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=74"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}